When modeling physical processes in the ground, we often have to account for convective heat transfer due to filtration processes. Depending on the saturation degree and the value of water velocity in pores, there are several approaches to water flow modeling. Basement walls, underground constructions and many other in-ground sections of constructions are influenced by groundwater flow. The stability of beds and banks of water reservoirs and channels also depends on filtration around coastal terrain.

Water flow velocities (mkm/s), found on the basis of the Darcy equation